Q 1.Why is India called ‘a Republic’?
Answer: India is called a Republic because the head of the state i.e., the President is an elected person, and it is not a hereditary position. Q 2. What do you mean by political equality? Answer: Every citizen is entitled to all the constitutional rights and freedom without making distinction of any kind like gender, race, status, religion etc. Equal voting right to all adult citizens of country, be it rich or poor with no discrimination comes under political equality. Q 3.What is meant by the term ‘Preamble’? Answer: The Preamble is an introduction to the Constitution which contains the ideals and basic principles of the Indian Constitution. Q 4. Mention any one feature of a Foreign Constitution which inspired the constitution makers of the Indian Constitution. Answer: Practice of parliamentary democracy in Britain. Bill of rights in the United States Q 5.Who was the President of Constituent Assembly? Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad. Q 6. What was the main contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel just after independence? Answer: He played very important role in integration of the Indian princely states. Q 7.Name any two prominent members of Constituent Assembly. Answer: Rajendra Prasad Baldev Singh. Q 8. With reference to the Constituent, Assembly, answer the following questions: (i) When were its elections held? (ii) Who was its President? (iii) Who was appointed the Chairman of the Drafting Committee? (iv) When was the Constitution passed by the Constituent Assembly? Answer: (i) July 1946. (ii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad. (iii) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. (iv) 26th November, 1949. Q 9. What is the Constituent Assembly? Answer: The drafting of the document called the Constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. Q 10. What do we call a state where head of the state is an elected and not a hereditary person? Answer: Republic, because the head of the state i.e., the President is an elected person, and it is not a hereditary position. Q11.Why should we accept the Constitution made by the Constituent Assembly more than 60 years ago? Answer: Constituent Assembly, a Galaxy of Indians: The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no universal adult franchise at that time, so it was elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress but with leaders having different opinions. In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations. Elected Members: The drafting of the document called the Constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. Working Pattern of the Assembly: The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner. First some basic principles were decided, and agreed upon. Then a Drafting Committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar prepared a Draft Constitution for discussion. Several rounds of thorough discussions took place on the Draft Constitution clause by clause. Q 12.The Constituent Assembly was the representative body of the people of India.” Explain with examples. HOTS Answer: The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress. Many important political leaders were also its members. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Mrs. Sarojini Naidu and Sardar Baldev Singh were its important members, who guided the discussion in the Constituent Assembly. There were more than 30 members belonging to the Scheduled Caste. Minorities like the Anglo-Indians had Frank Anthony as their representative. The Parsee community was represented by H.P Modi. _ Some Constitutional experts like Alladi Krishna Swarny Aiyer, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and K.M. Munshi were also there. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu and Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit were the two leading women of India in the Constituent Assembly. Time: The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years. Q13. Define the following terms mentioned in the preamble to the Constitution of India. (i) Sovereign, (ii) Socialist, (iii) Secular, (iv) Republic, (v) Liberty, (vi) Equality, (vii) Fraternity (viii), Justice. Or Describe any five values / goals of the Indian Constitution included in the Preamble. Answer: (i) Sovereign: People have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of India. (ii) Socialist: Wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities. (iii) Secular: Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion. But there is no official religion. Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect. (iv) Republic: The head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary position. (v) Liberty: There are no unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to express their thoughts and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action. (vi) Equality: All are equal before the law. The traditional social inequalities have to be ended. The government should ensure equal opportunity for all. (vii) Fraternity: All of us should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior. (viii) Justice: Citizens cannot be discriminated on the grounds of caste, religion and gender. Social inequalities have to be reduced. Government should work for the welfare of all, especially of the disadvantaged groups Q14. What is Constitution? What is its importance? Or Why do countries need a Constitution? Explain. Or Why do we need a Constitution and what do Constitution do? Explain? Answer: The Constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all the people living together in a country. The Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among the people living in a territory (called citizens), and also the relationship between the people and the government. Importance: Specifications: It specifies how the government will be constituted, who will have the power to take which decisions. Trust and Co-ordination: It generates a degree of trust and co-ordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together. Rights and Duties: It lays down the limits on the powers of the government and tells us what the rights of the citizens are. Good Society: It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society. Q 15. Describe any five salient features of the Constitution of India. Answer: Salient Features: Sovereign—People are masters and have supreme right to take decisions. Socialist—Wealth to be shared equally. Secular—It is based on the freedom of religion. All religions should be treated equally. Democratic—People have political equality. Republic—Head of the state is a common man elected by the people. Q16. With reference to the Indian Constitution answer the following questions: (i) When was it passed? (ii) When was it enforced?. (iii) Why was this date chosen? Answer: (i) The Constitution was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949. (ii) The Constitution was enforced on 26th January, 1950. (iii) In December, 1929, the Congress in its Lahore Session had decided to fight for Poorna Swaraj or Complete Independence, and 26th January, 1930 was celebrated as the Independence Day, since then. That is why our leaders decided to celebrate 26th January, 1950 as the day to enforce the Constitution of India.Monday, June 7, 2021
NCERT Sol 9 Geo- 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
NCERT Sol.Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Question-1 Define an Ecosystem. Solution: An ecosystem is a community of plants, animals and smaller organisms that live,feed, reproduce and interact in the same area or environment. Some ecosystems are very large. For example, many bird species nest in one place and feed in a completely different area. On the other hand, some ecosystems may be physically small, such as you would find in a meadow at he edge of a forest, or in a coral reef in the ocean.How does everything fit together in a forest ecosystem versus a meadow ecosystem? While some species may be found naturally in both areas, the species that live in the forest ecosystem are usually very different from those that inhabit the meadow, even though the two environments are right next to each other. In other words, if we protect existing natural habitats, we will help to maintain biodiversity (biodiversity is the variety of life in all its forms, levels and combinations). Unfortunately, natural habitats and their ecosystems are more and more endangered because of the damaging environmental effects of growing human populations everywhere. Question-2 What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India? Solution: Distribution of plants and animals on the earth is determined mainly by climate. However the other factors are soil, relief and drainage, though most of them are also interrelated. Question-3 What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples. Solution: A protected area reserved for the conservation of endangered species of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in their natural habitat. The Sunderbans in the West Bengal and Nanda Devi in Uttaranchal are the two examples. Uses of Biosphere Reserve In a biosphere reserve, endangered species of animals and plants are protected. This important heritage (of plants and animals) is transmitted to the future generations in all its natural vigour and glory. The surrounding areas are reserved for research work for the betterment of flora and fauna. Question-4 Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation. Solution: The common animals found in the tropical forests are elephants and monkeys and the common animals found in the montane forests are Kashmir stag and spotted dear. Question-5 Distinguish Between Flora and Fauna. Solution: Flora The flora of a country consists of plant kingdom of that country. It covers trees in the forests, other flowering and non-flowering frees grown by man, grassland, scrubs, fens, etc. India possesses about 47,000 different species of plants and 5,000 of them are exclusively found in India. Fauna The fauna of a country consists of birds, fish and animals. It also includes amphibians, reptiles, mammals, small insects and worms. The fauna of India is quite rich and varied. There are about 89,000 species in India. Question-6 Distinguish Between Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous Forests Solution: Tropical Evergreen Forests: Evergreen forests (or Tropical Rain Forests) are found on the rainy parts of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Ebony, mahogany and rosewood are the most important trees of the Evergreen Forests.Teak is the most dominant species of the deciduous forests. Other trees found here are bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood and khair. Deciduous Forests: Deciduous forests are found mostly in the eastern parts of the country – northeastern states along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa and Chhattisgarh and the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. Trees of the Evergreen Forests don’t shed their leaves at one and the same time, so these forests remain evergreen.The trees of the deciduous Forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in summer. Question-7 Name different types of Vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes. Solution: The following major types of vegetation may be identified in our country: Tropical Rain Forests Tropical Deciduous Forests Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs Montane Forests Mangrove Forests The vegetation of high altitudes are Montane Forests. In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to the corresponding change in natural vegetation. As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region. The wet temperate type of forests are found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres. Evergreen broad-leaf trees such as oaks and chestnuts predominate. Between 1500 and 3000 metres, temperate forests containing coniferous trees like pine, deodar, silver fir, spruce and cedar, are found. These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas and places having high altitude in southern and northeast India. At higher elevations, temperate grasslands are common. At high altitudes, generally more than 3,600 meters above sea level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are the common trees of these forests. However, they get progressively stunted as they approach the snow-line. Ultimately through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grasslands. These are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes like the Gujjars and the Bakarwals. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation. The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy horn wild ibex, bear and rare red panda, sheep and goats with thick hair. Question-8 Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why? Solution: Quite a few animal species are endangered and some have become extinct. The main causes for this major threat to nature are hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes, pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits, introduction of alien species and reckless cutting of the forests to bring land under cultivation and inhabitation, which are also responsible for the imbalance. Question-9 Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna? Solution: Our country India is one of the twelve-mega bio-diversity countries of the world. With about 47,000 plant species India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India, which account for 6 percent in the world’s total number of flowering plants. The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi. India also as 89,000 species of animals as well as a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters.Working of Institutions CIVICS-9
Working of Institutions Class 9 Important Questions Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. Name the three organs of the Government. Answer: Executive Legislative Judiciary Question 2. Who is the head of the state and the head of the government? Answer: The President is the head of the state whereas Prime Minister is the head of the government. Question 3. What is a Parliament? Name the two houses of the Parliament. Answer: It is the supreme law making body of India. It has two Houses : Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha. Question 4. What are institutions? Answer: The arrangements which are made in modern democracies to run the government. Question 5. Name any three institutions responsible to run the democratic government in India. Answer: The Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Civil Servant. The Supreme Court. Question 6. Name the institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled. Answer: The Supreme Court. Question 7. Why democratic governments insist on institutions? Give two reasons. Answer: Institutions involve rules and regulations. Institutions bind the hands of the rulers as these involve meetings, committees and routines. Question 8. Which House has more power regarding the money bill? Give reason. Answer: The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes, in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes. Question 9. Explain No Confidence Motion. Answer: Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members of the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If a no confidence motion is moved in the Lok Sabha, and passed, then,the Government has to resign. Question 10. With reference to the Rajya Sabha answer the following questions: (i) What is its power relating to money bill? (ii) Can it pass a No-Confidence Motion? Answer: (i) A Money bill can originate only in the Lok Sabha. When it is sent to the Rajya Sabha, it cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it for 14 days. (ii) No, Rajya Sabha cannot pass the No-confidence Motion. Question 11. Define Executive. [CBSE 2015] Answer: At different levels of any government we find functionaries who take day-to-day decisions, but do not exercise the supreme power on behalf of the people. All those functionaries are collectively known as the executive. Question 12. Who appoints the Prime Minister? Answer: The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. Question 13. What is the tenure of the Prime Minister? Answer: The Prime Minister does not have a fixed tenure. Normally a Prime Minister is elected for 5 years, but remains in power till he enjoys the majority support. Question 14. Who are Cabinet Ministers?[CBSE 2013, 14] Answer: They are usually the top level leaders of the ruling party or parties, who are in charge of the major ministries like Defence, Railway, Foreign Affairs etc. Normally, all the major decisions are taken by these ministers. Question 15. What is judiciary? [CBSE 2015] Answer: All the courts at different levels in a country are called the judiciary. Question 16. Which is the highest court of India? Answer: The Supreme Court. Question 17. “The Constitution of India has made necessary provisions for ensuring independence of judiciary.” Justify your answer by giving two reasons. Answer: The judges are appointed by the executive on the basis of the prescribed qualifications, and according to a well established procedure. The Judges cannot be removed at the whims of the executive. Question 18. Who appoints the Chief Justice of India and the other judges? Answer: The President of India appoints the Chief Justice of India. The President consults other Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts while making appointments of other judges. Question 19. State any two powers of the Supreme Court of India. Answer: The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of fundamental rights. It acts as a guardian of the Constitution. Question 20. What is the composition of Indian judiciary? Answer: The Supreme Court. The High Court. The District Court.QUIZ ON PARTNERING STATE
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, DOGRA
LINES, MEERUT CANTT
QUIZ ON PARTNERING STATE
THIS QUIZ CONTAINS 15 QUESTIONS AND ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
*Required
YOUR NAME *
Your
answer
CLASS *
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
SECTION *
A
B
C
D
1. WHICH COUNTRY IS TO THE
WEST OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH ?
1 point
BHUTAN
SLAME
BURMA
LAOS
2. WHICH IS THE STATE FLOWER
OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
MARIGOLD
LADIES SLIPPER ORCHID
LILY
NONE OF THE ABOVE
3. IN WHICH YEAR ARUNACHAL
PRADESH WAS SEPARATED FROM ASSAM?
1 point
2000
1972
1956
1948
4. ACCORDING TO AREA, WHAT IS
THE RANK OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA?
1 point
25
18
15
NONE OF THE ABOVE
5. IN WHICH YEAR ARUNACHAL
PRADESH BECAME THE STATE OF INDIA
1 point
1985
1987
1989
1992
6. WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
COUNTRY DID NOT SHARE ITS BORDER WITH ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
CHINA
BHUTAN
MYANMAR
NEPAL
7 WHICH IS THE STATE ANIMAL OF
ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
SNOW LEOPARD
WILD BEAR
TIGER
BOS FRONTALIS
8. WHICH IS THE STATE TREE OF
ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
MANGO
PEEPAL
HOLLONG
TEAK
9. THE BORDER BETWEEN CHINA
AND INDIA IS KNOWN AS:
1 point
PALK STRAIT
McMOHAN LINE
DUXANDLINE
NONE OF THE ABOVE
10. ARUNACHAL PRADESH IS
DIVIDED IN HOW MANY DISTRICTS?
1 point
21
22
23
24
11. WHICH IS THE MOST FOLLOWED
RELIGION IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
HINDU
MUSLIM
SIKH
CHRISTIAN
12. WHICH IS THE MOST SPOKEN
LANGUAGE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
NYISCHI
BENGALI
NEPALI
CHINESE
13. WHEN WAS NAMDAPHA NATIONAL
PORT ESTABLISHED IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH?
1 point
1954
1974
2000
2005
14. ACCORDING TO POPULATION ,
WHAT IS THE RANK OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA?
1 point
29
24
27
28
15. IN WHICH YEAR ARUNACHAL
PRADESH GOT ITS FIRST RAILWAY LINE?
1 point
2011
2012
2013
2014
1. Which is the Arunachal
Pradesh state Tree? *
1 point
Mango
Hollong
Peepal
None of These
2 Which is the Arunachal
Pradesh state Flower? *
1 point
Marigold
Lady slipper orchid
Rhododendron
None of These
3. Which state is known as
“the land of dawn-lit mountains”? *
1 point
Assam
Arunachal Pradesh
Mizoram
Tripura
4. The border between China
and India is known as? *
1 point
McMahon line
Palk strait
Meatatarian line
None of these
5. When was Tawang Monastery
build? *
1 point
500 years ago
300 years ago
250 years ago
400 years ago
6. Who renamed NEFA as
Arunachal Pradesh? *
1 point
Bibhabasu Das Shastri
K.A.A. Raja
Both a and b
None of these
7. Which of the following is a
mountain in Arunachal Pradesh? *
1 point
Kangte
Nyegi Kangsang
Gorichen peak
All of these
8. Mountain between the Siang
river and the Noa-Dihing river is classified as? *
1 point
Eastern Himalayas
Mishmi Hills
Option 3
Hengduan Shan
9. Which place receives
1st-morning rays in the whole country? *
1 point
Dong Basti
Vijaynagar Basti
Either or both (a) and (b)
None of these
10. What is the climate of
Arunachal Pradesh? *
1 point
Tropical
Sub-tropical
Tropical Monsoon Rainforest
Climate
Humid subtropical climate