Q 1.Why is India called ‘a Republic’?
Answer: India is called a
Republic because the head of the state i.e., the President is an elected
person, and it is not a hereditary position.
Answer: Every citizen is
entitled to all the constitutional rights and freedom without making
distinction of any kind like gender, race, status, religion etc. Equal voting
right to all adult citizens of country, be it rich or poor with no
discrimination comes under political equality.
Answer: The Preamble is an
introduction to the Constitution which contains the ideals and basic principles
of the Indian Constitution.
Answer: Practice of
parliamentary democracy in Britain. Bill of rights in the United States
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Answer: He played very
important role in integration of the Indian princely states.
Answer: Rajendra Prasad Baldev Singh.
Answer: (i) July 1946. (ii)
Dr. Rajendra Prasad. (iii) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. (iv) 26th November, 1949.
Answer: The drafting of the
document called the Constitution was done by an assembly of elected
representatives called the Constituent Assembly.
Answer: Republic, because the
head of the state i.e., the President is an elected person, and it is not a
hereditary position.
Q11.Why should we accept the
Constitution made by the Constituent Assembly more than 60 years ago?
Answer: Constituent Assembly, a
Galaxy of Indians: The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India.
There was no universal adult franchise at that time, so it was elected mainly
by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair
geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. The Assembly
was dominated by the Indian National Congress but with leaders having different
opinions. In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different
language groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations. Elected Members:
The drafting of the document called the Constitution was done by an assembly of
elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. Working Pattern of the
Assembly: The Constituent Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual
manner. First some basic principles were decided, and agreed upon. Then a
Drafting Committee chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar prepared a Draft Constitution
for discussion. Several rounds of thorough discussions took place on the Draft
Constitution clause by clause.
Answer:
The Assembly was dominated by
the Indian National Congress. Many important political leaders were also its
members. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar,
Mrs. Sarojini Naidu and Sardar Baldev Singh were its important members, who
guided the discussion in the Constituent Assembly. There were more than 30
members belonging to the Scheduled Caste. Minorities like the Anglo-Indians had
Frank Anthony as their representative. The Parsee community was represented by
H.P Modi. _ Some Constitutional experts like Alladi Krishna Swarny Aiyer, Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar, and K.M. Munshi were also there. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu and Mrs.
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit were the two leading women of India in the Constituent
Assembly. Time: The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years.
Answer: (i) Sovereign: People
have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters.
No external power can dictate the government of India.
(ii) Socialist: Wealth is
generated socially and should be shared equally by society. Government should
regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic
inequalities.
(iii) Secular: Citizens have
complete freedom to follow any religion. But there is no official religion.
Government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect.
(iv) Republic: The head of the
state is an elected person and not a hereditary position.
(v) Liberty: There are no
unreasonable restrictions on the citizens in what they think, how they wish to
express their thoughts and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in
action.
(vi) Equality: All are equal
before the law. The traditional social inequalities have to be ended. The
government should ensure equal opportunity for all.
(vii) Fraternity: All of us
should behave as if we are members of the same family. No one should treat a
fellow citizen as inferior.
(viii) Justice: Citizens
cannot be discriminated on the grounds of caste, religion and gender. Social
inequalities have to be reduced. Government should work for the welfare of all,
especially of the disadvantaged groups
Q14. What is Constitution?
What is its importance? Or Why do countries need a Constitution? Explain. Or
Why do we need a Constitution and what do Constitution do? Explain?
Answer: The Constitution of a
country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all the people living
together in a country. The Constitution is the supreme law that determines the
relationship among the people living in a territory (called citizens), and also
the relationship between the people and the government. Importance:
Specifications: It specifies
how the government will be constituted, who will have the power to take which
decisions. Trust and Co-ordination: It generates a degree of trust and
co-ordination that is necessary for different kinds of people to live together.
Rights and Duties: It lays down the limits on the powers of the government and
tells us what the rights of the citizens are. Good Society: It expresses the
aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
Answer: Salient Features:
Sovereign—People are masters and have supreme right to
take decisions. Socialist—Wealth to be shared equally. Secular—It is based on
the freedom of religion. All religions should be treated equally.
Democratic—People have political equality. Republic—Head of the state is a
common man elected by the people.
Q16. With reference to the Indian Constitution answer the
following questions: (i) When was it passed? (ii) When was it enforced?. (iii)
Why was this date chosen?
Answer: (i) The
Constitution was passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November, 1949.
(ii) The Constitution was enforced on 26th January, 1950. (iii) In December,
1929, the Congress in its Lahore Session had decided to fight for Poorna Swaraj
or Complete Independence, and 26th January, 1930 was celebrated as the
Independence Day, since then. That is why our leaders decided to celebrate 26th
January, 1950 as the day to enforce the Constitution of India.
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